May 15, 2013

School board eyes budget, teachers’ contract

Unionville-Chadds Ford School Board directors have two significant votes coming up in their last two meetings before the end of the academic year. On May 20 they’ll be voting on a proposed teachers’ contract and next month it’s the budget for 2013-2014 that comes up for a vote.

The board revealed elements of the tentative agreement with teachers during the May 13 work session. It’s a two-year deal that keeps the current salary structure.

The starting and top salaries remain as they are now, said Superintendent John Sanville, $48,520 for a starting teacher with a bachelor’s degree, and $102,741 for a teacher with 16-plus years experience, a master’s degree and 60 graduate school credits.

All teachers would get a one-time bonus of $900 the first year of the contract, and top-of-scale teachers would get another $1,100 in the second year. The rest will get a raise in the second year based the number of graduate credits they have and the number of years in the district.

Additionally, there’s a one-time 5 percent increase for supplemental contracts.

He said the proposal encourages teachers to go after masters’ and doctoral degrees and provides more time for instruction.

Sanville said there would be an overall increase in district costs of 2.19 percent per year.

The Unionville-Chadds Ford Education Association, the teachers’ union, was scheduled to vote on May 16, Sanville said.

One sticking point for two school board members is the elimination of an opt-out clause that has the district paying teachers with families to opt out of the district’s health plan. The opt-out goes away in the second year of the contract. That could be costly to the district, according to directors Jeff Hellrung and Keith Knauss.

The family plan costs the district $15,000 per plan per year, and that the district pays teachers with families an extra $3,200 per year to opt out of plan.

There are 43 teachers who are on another plan provided by a spouse’s employer. If all 43 families came back into the U-CF plan, the district would save $140,000 from not paying the buy-out. However, it would cost the district $600,000 per year above current costs to pay for the plans. There are also 41non teachers who have opted out.

Hellrung and Knaus have written a letter to the editor published in this week’s issue of ChaddsFordLive.com. They said it’s an agreement that they will oppose because, while it’s not a bad contract, it’s not good enough. The letter can be found here.

Not all the directors are opposed.

Jeff Leiser admitted there’s a “lot of conjecture” over what might happen, but said it’s a good contract because it controls salaries.

Frank Murphy called the agreement fair, while Holly Manzone said it’s reasonable for both parties.

“We have enough votes to pass it,” she said.

Manzone added, though, that there’s no way to know now how the Affordable Care Act, also known as ObamaCare, will affect health insurance costs in the future.

In a prepared press release, School Board President Eileen Bushelow said, “We feel this contract is positive and fair to both teachers and taxpayers, and takes into consideration the economic conditions of our community.”

Directors also considered a possible spending plan for the next school year, voting 7-1 during the work session to approve the proposed final budget. The plan, as proposed, calls for total appropriations of $72.7 million with increases in property taxes.

Millage rates would be 25.73 mills in Chester County and 21.71 mills in Chadds Ford Township, the only district township in Delaware County. Those tax rates reflect an increase of 2.18 percent in Chester County and 1.26 percent in Chadds Ford.

A mill is a tax of $1 for every $1,000 of assessed property value.

Those tax rates can change by the June 17 vote.

“The millage is not set until June,” said Business Manager Robert Cochran. “The actual budget is not set until June.”

The board’s vote allows the proposed budget to be advertized and for residents to review the plan before the June meeting. This allows for input and possible changes before the June vote.

Keith Knauss cast the lone vote against the budget because of the tax increase.

One of the issues affecting the final budget is the matter of $160,000 that the board wants the district to cut from its expenses.

Sanville said the district could cut $90,000 by restructuring the office and possibly save another $70,000 by cutting back elsewhere. There is also the possibility that the board could take the money from its reserves in the Pennsylvania School Employees’ Retirement System.

Knauss said after the meeting that the district has been setting aside surplus revenues and putting it in a savings account for possible use when it would have to pay more for PSERES. However, that money can be used for other reasons. If $160,000 of it went into the general fund, Knauss said, the aggregate tax increase of more than 2 percent would be cut down to about 1.65 percent.

The money has not yet been deducted from the expenses in the proposed budget.

Charts and graphs on the proposed budget can be found here.

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Woodlawn Trustees withdraws rezoning application

Woodlawn Trustees withdraws rezoning application

A rezoning plan that could have led to a controversial development of 325 acres in Concord Township has been withdrawn and a hearing into the matter is closed. Another application is in the works.

Opponents of the rezoning attempt let their feelings known inside the auditorium.
Opponents of the rezoning attempt let their feelings known inside the auditorium.

Cheers and applause erupted from the more than 650 people attending the May 14 hearing, held at Garnet Valley Middle School, when Concord Township solicitor Hugh Donaghue read letters from the principals saying they were withdrawing their application. The applause turned to boos when Donaghue read they would be filing new applications.

The plan — had it gone through to approval — would have rezoned an area from the Delaware state line north to Smithbridge Road and from Route 202 west to Concord’s border with Chadds Ford Township.

The land includes Brandywine Summit Camp Meeting, Penns Woods Winery and a number of horse farms and trails.

There are currently three different zoning districts in that area. Applicants wanted the entire acreage rezoned into a PRD-4 that would have allowed for a mix of residential and commercial use, while still maintaining open space.

Donaghue also acknowledged petitions signed by more than 5,000 people opposing the application. They object to the rezoning because they don’t believe there would be any open space.

Woodlawn’s Chief Executive Officer Vernon Green said during a hearing last October that current zoning would allow 209 apartments, 249 townhouses, develop 20,000 square feet of commercial space, but provide only 15 to 20 acres of dedicated open space. Under the proposal, he said, there would be more housing, but 209 acres of permanently preserved open space.

“We’ve heard that argument before,” said Concord Township resident Anne Mueller. “They promise open space, but it’s only a few trees. We want a natural wooded area.”

Laurie Curl, another Concord resident, said she’s upset that township supervisors would even consider such a proposal.

Concord Township Supervisors Libby Salvucci and Dominic Pileggi listen as Woodlawn Trustees CEO Vernon Green reads a statement.
Concord Township Supervisors Libby Salvucci and Dominic Pileggi listen as Woodlawn Trustees CEO Vernon Green reads a statement.

“It’s disgusting, a shame. Why not just leave it alone? Concord Township should buy the property and keep it open space. They should do it proudly,” Curl said.

Chadds Ford Township residents Deborah Reardon, Valerie Hoxter and Frank Murphy also attended.

Speaking before the hearing began, Reardon said her concern was on how the development might affect infrastructure and its possible impact on Chadds Ford.

Reardon, Chadds Ford’s Open Space Committee chairman, said, “This is a regional issue. It has to do with protecting resources that are valuable and it also has to do with infrastructure in that there is no way that any report or study could support this kind of overwhelming development. I personally call for a moratorium on any kind of development from Route 202 at Naamans Road, all the way up.”

She also discounted Green’s assertion that there would be more open space with the different zoning.

“That may be true,” Reardon said, “but if you look at the proposed homes for development, if you look at the business side of the development, the overwhelming traffic issues, infrastructure issues, when you look at water and when you look at the roads, we’re looking at an over-burdening situation.”

Some think developing the Woodlawn Trustees property would lead to the death of their lifestyle.
Some think developing the Woodlawn Trustees property would lead to the death of their lifestyle.

She said she wants a moratorium so that other resources can be brought in to prevent any development.

Woodlawn’s CEO did not directly address the reason for withdrawing the application, but alluded to it by saying Woodlawn was founded to provide affordable housing, preserve open space and develop some of the land to pay for the first two purposes.

Green said such development should take place in a “planned and responsible manner, while at the same time providing publicly accessible open space.”

He said the withdrawn plan would have required open space and maintaining the current trails used for walking, cycling and horseback riding.

“It’s our sincere hope that these facts about the mission of Woodlawn will lead everyone to better understand the important interconnection between this development and preservation as a result of the new application,” Green said.

Also withdrawing were housing developers Eastern States Development Co. and the McKee Group, and commercial developer Wolfson Verrichia Group.

All the principals will be filing a new application.

Donaghue said that application would be posted on the township Web site once the township gets it and that it will be at least 60 days before the start of a new hearing.

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Sounds of inspiration spring from Kuerner Farm

Sounds of inspiration spring from Kuerner Farm

Inspiration can come like a bolt out of the blue, a flashing epiphany, a crash of thunder or as gently as the soft sound of trickling water.

It was that sound of water trickling into a trough that gave Andy Wyeth the inspiration to paint “Spring Fed,” one of his famous paintings of the Kuerner Farm,

Andrew Wyeth's "Spring Fed" was inspired by the sound of water trickling in the trough. Image from a Web search.
Andrew Wyeth’s “Spring Fed” was inspired by the sound of water trickling in the trough. Image from a Web search.

according to the Brandywine River Museum’s Mary Cronin.

For a short time — until May 24 — museum visitors who take the guided tour of the farm can get an aural feel for those sounds from “Kuerner Sounds,” a special artistic presentation created by Philadelphia-based sound engineer and musician Michael Kiley, who usually composes for dance and theater.

Kiley said he had heard of Wyeth, but didn’t know anything about him before the project started.

“I didn’t know his history or his relationship with this place,” Kiley said during a press tour of the farm that included listening to his work. He credited Cronin for giving him a crash course in Wyeth 101.

After taking a tour of the farm in March, Kiley spent another hour listening to and recording its natural sounds. He manipulated those sounds, then wrote a melody and blended the elements to come up with a five-minute audio presentation for people taking the tour. The museum calls it a “pop up” because it’s a short listen and will go away in less than a week.

The sounds are on an iPod Shuffle and people listen through headphones before or after the tour.

“I’m very interested in how sound can affect people’s perception of place,” Kiley said. “That’s a large part of the work I’m trying to do on my own and how I can bring design work and composition out into the public atmosphere, instead of just existing in the theater,” Kiley said.

Museum Executive Director Tom Padon said the pop up is the first experiment in “recasting the visitor experience,” and making it “a personal experience.” He added that bringing in Kiley represents “new thinking” for the museum.

The ideas is also a way to get visitors to think differently about the, the farm and get a sense of what Wyeth experienced during his thousands of trips to Kuerner homestead.

Kiley was chosen because he had done a similar piece for Rittenhouse Square in Philadelphia. Money from the project came from a Pew Center for Arts and Heritage grant. It’s part of a Pew project called No Idea is too Ridiculous.  One of the conditions of the grant was that the project had to be finished within eight weeks, from idea to finish, Cronin said.

It is experimental and Cronin is interested in seeing how the public receives the experience.

“We have people coming here for a traditional one-hour tour of an historic property. We’re introducing an element that’s a little different for most people. We’re asking them to put on headphones and wander around a little and think about sound,” she said. “Part of the challenge is to see how this integrates into a tour…We’re going to be monitoring reactions. How does it work when you come to see the Kuerner Farm?”

Featured photo: Artist Michazel Kiley explains his pop up, “Kuerner Sounds.”

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Living History: The rich mineral heritage of Chester County

Living History: The rich mineral heritage of Chester County

Pennsylvania was blessed with an abundance of natural resources which helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. Of the original 13 colonies, only the Keystone State had the critical building blocks — coal, iron ore, timber and petroleum — in abundance, leading the nation in the production of raw materials for 100 years, from 1820 to 1920. Chester County has held an important place in this heritage.

Extraction of mineral resources in the region pre-dates the Revolutionary War, with deposits of copper, iron, lead, graphite, titanium, beryllium, chromium, feldspar, kaolinite, marble, serpentine and quartzite being successfully mined over the decades. Ron Sloto’s book “The Mines and Minerals of Chester County” lists 1808 as the first printed reference to minerals from this area. His book provides a wonderfully detailed description of the enormous variety of riches present, replete with color pictures of mineral specimens, topographic maps and mine diagrams.

The first geological map of the area was published in 1837 by William Darlington of West Chester, but the iron industry was thriving well before that time. Production of iron ore began around 1714 at the Warwick mine in the French Creek valley. According to Sloto, the French Creek and Hopewell mines in Warwick Township were important suppliers, the former generating roughly one million tons of ore between 1846 and 1928.

Engaging displays of mineral specimens at museums may seem unattainable to the average person, but there are many places around Chester County where you can find them yourself. This author previously worked as a petroleum geologist and did quite a bit of collecting around the country. To discover what was available, I decided to investigate some nearby sites- and was pleasantly surprised.

The Avondale Quarry near the intersection of Route 41 and Old Baltimore Pike was started in the 1920’s, providing an abundance of building stone, flagstone, sand and aggregate over the years. Interesting minerals such as garnet, biotite and muscovite mica, black tourmaline, graphite, marcasite and rutile have been reported at this location. School children know mica as the glittery, sheet-like mineral which peels off in flakes, but most people are not aware of its varied applications. Mica has superior thermodynamic properties and is stable in the presence of electrostatic fields. It is commonly used in joint compounds for drywall, in a variety of coatings, in roofing shingles and concrete blocks. Rutile is processed to generate titanium dioxide, an opacifying agent in paints. Du Pont is the world’s largest producer of this product.

Most people just like to look at pretty crystals and you can find them at Avondale in large quantities. If you were born in January, you have garnet as your birthstone. This deep ruby red, semi-precious gem is found quite frequently in metamorphic rocks, including the local garnet schist. Black tourmaline crystals are also abundant, present in a feldspar/quartz/mica framework within pegmatite veins- intrusions of molten rock which cooled near the surface millions of years ago.

To the southwest, the Nottingham area holds copious amounts of both feldspar and serpentine at the State Line and Goat Hill mines, along with quarry deposits in the local park. Drive around. You’re bound to see houses with lovely olive green serpentine forming their framework. Colonists used this stone in buildings for both endurance and beauty. Feldspar is a chalky, off-white to pink mineral widely present in granite. When brushing their teeth in the morning, most people don’t think about rocks, but feldspar is ground into a very fine powder and included as an abrasive agent in toothpaste. It’s used extensively in ceramics, as well as a filler in paint, plastics and rubber. Feldspar even helps us see things better. Alumina from feldspar improves the hardness and durability of glass, adding to its resistance to chemical corrosion.

There are numerous places to collect minerals around the county; 49 of our 56 Townships hold quarries or abandoned mines containing worthwhile specimens. You don’t have to be a geologist to find them- just take a hike and keep your eyes open. Be sure to ask the permission of the landowner before you go collecting. So, when you stop at a traffic light, looking through the windshield at shiny crystals on a boulder nearby, remember that the landscape doesn’t just give us something pleasing to look at… it was critical to the growth of our industrial base.

* Gene Pisasale is an author based in Kennett Square whose books and lecture series focus on topics of historical interest. His book “Abandoned Address- The Secret of Frick’s Lock” is an historical novel about a real ghost town dating back to the 1750’s in northeastern Chester County which is linked to the greatest inventors of the Industrial Revolution. His website is www.GenePisasale.com. Gene can be reached at Gene@GenePisasale.com.

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Around Town May 16

Around Town May 16

• The DiMatteo Financial Group held an open house and ribbon cutting at its Pennsbury Township location on May 9. The business had been in Kennett Square for two years and moved into the Ponds Edge location in December. (See featured photo.)

• The exhibition Which Way the Wind Blows: Antique American Weathervanes, which includes 28 weathervanes, spotlights a selection of the forms popular in this country, including several with equestrian designs, will be on view At the Brandywine River Museum from May 25 through July 28.

• The Chester Youth Collaborative Youth Council will host the annual Youth and Community Empowerment Summit at Delaware County Community College, 901 Main Line Road, Media, Pa, on May 18 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. The summit is a one-day event will include a range of workshops and forums to promote healthy lifestyles while empowering young people to become a positive catalyst for change in their homes, schools and communities. This is a free event open to young people between the ages of 12 and 22. Parents and adults are invited to join the workshop activities with their children. Breakfast and lunch will be provided. Transportation is available at either Chester High School located at 232 West 9th Street, Chester, or Community Hospital, 2600 West Ninth Street, Chester. The bus will pick attendees up at 7:30 a.m., 8:30 a.m., 11 a.m. and 12 p.m. Registration is available online at www.chesteryouthsummit.com. Informational vendors and workshop presenters are welcome. Contact the CYC for more information at 610-497-7422 or visit www.chesteryouthsummit.com.

Dominic S. Ferentinos, left, and Brenton M. Jacono.
Dominic S. Ferentinos, left, and Brenton M. Jacono.

• Chadds Ford-based Boy Scout Troop 31 now has two new Eagle Scouts. Dominic S. Ferentinos and Brenton M. Jacono, were awarded the honor at a ceremony on May 6. Ferentinos’ Eagle Scout project involved clearing a stream at Chadds Ford Elementary School.  Brenton’s Eagle Project was upgrading the gravel path at the Chadds Ford Historical Society. Both scouts are seniors at Unionville High School.

• A baccalaureate service celebrating the Unionville High School Class of 2013 will be held 5 p.m., Sunday, June 2 at Willowdale Chapel, 675 Unionville Road in Kennett Square. Enjoy music, song, and blessings to honor this year’s graduating seniors. This is a non-denominational service of inspiration and celebration.

• Bryn Mawr Mainliners — a men’s a cappella chorus singing four-part harmony predominantly in the barbershop style — will perform at St. Michael Lutheran Church, on East Doe Run Road in Unionville on Sunday, June 2 at 3 p.m. There will be a reception and light refreshment following the performance. Suggested donation is $5 per adult and $2 per child under age 12.

• Paradocx Vineyard begins its 2013 summer concert series Saturday, May 25, from 5-9 p.m. with Rory Sullivan, a singer/songwriter from Newark. On May 26, also from 5- 9 p.m., The Blue Route Blues Band will perform. Adult admission is $15 and includes one complimentary glass and one glass of either White Wash, Barn Red or Pail Pink. Admission is free for people 20 year old and under.  Paradocx Vineyard is located at1833 Flint Hill Road in Landenberg.

• Slim & Fit, in Springwater Plaza will host a series of fitness sessions for youngsters in June, July and August. Tot Training, also called Mommy and Me, is for kids 3-6, while Gym Blast is for youngsters 7-11. Sessions are June 18,19,20, 25, 26 and 27. July sessions are July 9, 10, 11, 16, 17 and 18. August sessions are Aug. 6, 7, 8, 13, 13 and 15. Each session is $15, but there’s a 10 percent discount is someone signs up for nine sessions and a 20 percent discount for all 18 sessions, according to Mike Bullinger of Slim & Fit. For more information, call Bullinger at 484-212-0001.

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Adopt-a-Pet: Lovely Rita

Adopt-a-Pet: Lovely Rita

Meet Lovely Rita, a sweet and affectionate kitty available for adoption at CCSPCA. This beautiful, young girl is the perfect kitty for a family or for anyone looking for a constant companion. Lovely Rita gets quite lonely when she’s by herself, so she will need to be adopted into a multiple cat home. She currently resides in CCSPCA’s Cat Community Room with many other cats, and gets along nicely with everyone. If you are able to provide Lovely Rita or any of our other animals here at the shelter a home, visit the Chester County SPCA at 1212 Phoenixville Pike in West Goshen or call 610-692-6113. Lovely Rita’s registration number is 96813716. To meet some of our other adoptable animals, visit the shelter or log onto www.ccspca.org. Not quite ready to adopt? Consider becoming a CCSPCA foster parent – Kitten season is around the corner and CCSPCA needs fosters to raise kittens and mother cats. Additional information and applications are available online or at the shelter.

 

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Police log May 16: Bad checks; burglaries

PSP Logo• Police are looking for a man they said stole 54 shirts from the Gap at Glen Eagle Square right around 6 p.m. on May 13. A report said the suspect, described only as a white, Hispanic man, put the shirts in a large plastic bag and left without paying. The shirts are valued at $2,150.

• A Chadds Ford insurance company office was burglarized sometime between midnight and 8 a.m on May 14, police said. According to a report, two unknown men ransacked the office and stole several items.

• Someone stole $200 from the Brandywine Cleaners in Springwater Plaza on Route 202. A police report said the unknown suspect or suspects forcibly entered the store by unknown means sometime between 5 p.m. on May 11 and 7 a.m. on May 13. State police are investigating this as theft, burglary and criminal mischief. There are no suspects at this time.

• State police are investigating attempts at passing bad checks at two different banks in Chadds Ford and Concord Townships on May 10. Police said two unknown women, described only as being black and in their early to mid 20s, twice tried to pass bad checks at the Bryn Mawr Trust in the village of Chadds Ford on May 10. They succeeded in one of those attempts. There was also an attempt to pass a bad check at the WSFS branch on Route 202 in Concord Township.  According to a police press release, an unidentified black male, about 6 feet 4 inches tall with a thick build and black beard entered thank about 10:25 a.m. and tried to pass a bad check. The teller realized the check was bogus and asked the suspect to wait for verification. The suspect, wearing a blue Yankees cap and a white and blue polo shirt, walked out of the bank and fled in an unknown direction.

• An unknown and unidentified male driver is being sought in connection with a hit and run accident in the parking lot of the Brinton Lake Wawa on May 11. Police said the suspect rear-ended another vehicle. He then fled the scene about 6:10 p.m. No injuries were reported.

• Police are investigating an attempted burglary at a residence on Wilmington Pike ion Chadds Ford Township. A report said someone entered the residence by force, but did not steal anything once inside. The incident happened sometime after 5 p.m. on May 12.

• Fisher’s Carpet One on Route 202 in Chadds Ford Township was the target of an attempted burglary on May 12, police said. An unknown number of people tried gaining entry into the store through a rear door, but set off the security alarm and fled.

• Police are looking for two men in connection with the theft of two pair of eyeglasses taken from the Pearle Vision store in Concord Township. A report said the two, described as black men in their mid 20s, both about 5 feet 6 inches tall stole the glasses and then fled in a green, older model vehicle with a beige rag top. One of the men is heavy set, the police said, while the other has a muscular build and wears a goatee.The glasses are valued at $600.

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Mind Matters: Time, time, time

Summertime is coming, and the livin’ is easy—or not. But let’s just consider the word “time” for a moment. Many of us seem to languish under time constraints: not enough time for one thing or another; not wanting to “take time” or “waste time.”

Writer Marney K. Makridakis decided she would “create” time since she found herself unable to “manage” or “save” it. In her book, “ Time: Using Creativity to Reinvent the Clock and Reclaim Your Life,” she describes new ways to imagine, view, and experience time. Makridakis notes how we have the illusion that we are always in linear sequential time yet we know by experience that the perception of time is influenced by emotions, values, assumptions, expectations, relationships, values.

Who has not been amazed at how time “flew” while fully participating in an event or how time “slowed to a crawl” when we have been in pain — or even bored. We want to be present to the present, yet the present itself is impermanent.

We can thank Leonardo da Vinci for saying, “The water you touch in a river is the last of that which has passed, and the first of that which is coming. Thus it is with time present.”

However, Makridakis believes that the more aware we become of the present moment, the less overwhelming and focal time becomes. Instead of perceiving a “lack of time,” we perceive the “gift of time.”

Who hasn’t felt a lack of time when looking at the to-do list of the day, or week, or month? Makridakis suggests we augment our linear view of time that relies on clock numbers and calendar squares by moving from quantitative measurements to the qualitative. What if we asked ourselves, not “How long did this take?” but “What did I learn from this?” or “How relaxed am I doing this?”

The Greeks had words for the subjective experiences of time! Makridakis explains the difference between kronos versus kairos. Kronos time — from which the word chronology is derived — refers to our everyday linear relationship to the time of schedules, clocks, and calendars. It is quantifiable and measured.

Rather than linear, kairos time is circular. Where kronos may be the relentless march of time, imagine kairos as a flowing spiral dance. We have all experienced kairos time: when we are so savoring the moment that clocks melt. Whenever we play, allow ourselves to wonder, or to be curious, I think we may be in kairos time. Kairos is not reserved for fun escapes, however. We can experience kairos in our work, when we find ourselves so engaged that kronos time is forgotten.

Perhaps the difference is in being engaged and in relationship to the process we are in or the person we are with.

Of course, we need kronos time. I am aware of my deadlines for writing this, for example. Yet I see kronos to be in the service of kairos. Kronos time gives us the structure in which kairos can flourish.

I recall observing my children when they were toddlers, playing and dancing before getting into the car. They were, as children are often, in kairos time. I was kronos mother, wishing I could be poet of the present moment but knowing that I was the keeper of schedules and my job was to gently gather these kids into the car for some mundane appointment or other. It was a poignant moment for me to see the difference between kronos and kairos. Of course, there were other times when I could let go of kronos and join the kairos of their experience. Children can be a wonderful entry into kairos time.

Makridakis describes ways that kronos time can be the structure, the container for the creativity of kairos to flourish. Even for adults.

*  Kayta Curzie Gajdos holds a doctorate in counseling psychology and is in private practice in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. She welcomes comments at MindMatters@DrGajdos.com or (610)388-2888. Past columns are posted to www.drgajdos.com. 

 

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